Effect of Foreign Workers in Malaysia

Impact of Foreign Workers in Malaysia Malaysias economy extended quickly as of late. Goliath advancement ventures run easily. Therefore, there is a wide scope of work openings and work deficiency issues. Malaysia is among 10 nations recorded as the top boss of outsiders on the planet. These days, we can meet with remote specialists from Indonesia, the Philippines, Bangladesh, Nepal, India and China who are working in different low-paying areas, for example, workers, assembly line laborers and house keepers. The quantity of outside laborers in this nation totaled to 1.85 million individuals with Indonesia workers of 1.2 million individuals followed by Nepal of 200,000 individuals. Every one of them incorporate those from Myanmar, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Cambodia, Vietnam, Sri Lanka and nations in Africa. The issue of illicit workers is acknowledged in many creating nations and furthermore in created nations like the United State (U.S.) and Australia. U.S. for instance, is tending to the emergency of illicit foreigners of 1 2 million individuals without legitimate records. Congress has endorsed enactment that diagrams three key strides to address the issue of illicit outsiders: Repatriation of their local nation, the development of huge scope fence along the outskirt of the United States and Mexico to hinder the passageway and furthermore progressively serious criminal punishments on managers who recruit them. As indicated by financial specialists, the U.S. economy would be injured if the law is implemented in light of the fact that most of laborers are gathered in the horticultural part and the development of the workers. An ongoing report directed by the American Federal Bureau of Plantation shows that activities against illicit migrants would have brought about a misfortune in the countrys agrarian creation from $ 5 to U.S. $ 9 billion throughout the following three years and may reach U.S. $ 12 billion throughout the following four years. These remote laborers look for jobs in nations with a great deal of financial chances, especially development, cultivating, and business administrations. Remote specialists could be arranged into two classification; who came lawfully and illicit settlers. FIRST CATEGORY The kind of work for laborers who come lawfully are commonly decided for them, who their boss is, their place of habitation and has experienced different procedures to meet the capabilities as a representative. They are then given a work license which indicate the length of their work in this nation. This sort of class of laborers has substantial travel archives, liberated from infectious illnesses, has a legitimate business contract and doesn't carry numerous issues to general society. Managers are likewise increasingly subject to give safe house, food and clinical administrations. SECOND CATEGORY Workers who don't experience indistinguishable procedures from the principal classification. They likewise don't have substantial travel archives, has a high danger of irresistible maladies, for example, TB (tuberculosis) and effectively exploitable. Government need to tolerate the expense of capture and conveyance of unlawful migrants to their nations of origin, just on the grounds that they were captured for different movement infringement and criminal accusations. The cases are increasingly entangled as the picture of negative ramifications on the nation of starting point of outsiders. REALITY Malaysia has become the focal point of outside foreigners who wish to look for rewarding salary. In any case, the section of unlawful outsiders has caused numerous issues. Open concern isn't new migrants. It emerges because of the negative impression of the countrys populace of this gathering is regularly connected with different social issues. In any case, no concerns it isn't on a very basic level. During the times past, in the towns, the nearness of unlawful foreigners particularly Indonesian workers are said to add to the event of loss of property and theft. Then again, Bangladesh settlers cause guardians and spouses to fear for the security of their little girls and wives who may get tangled in a relationship. The principle issue is the trouble looked by the legislature to check the passage of these illicit settlers. Regal Malaysian Navy (RMN), the Police and the Immigration Department have make a solid effort to catch them. They are captured and set in transitory confinement camp. The appearance of outsiders, particularly those without licenses messes lodging up. They will set up a neighborhood illicitly. Some vagrant gatherings additionally open woodland zones as lodging zones. These ghetto territories are not composed and need fundamental administrations, for example, squander removal frameworks and wastewater. In this manner, natural contamination will happen. What's mor e, the improvement of our nation will be pointless because of the rise of the vagrants. The picture of our nation will be influenced as this mirrors the shortcoming of the administration organization and conveyance of monetary unevenness. There is likewise a rich region of illicit settlements, complete with power, and water. The privilege of the individuals in Malaysia will be influenced. Managers like to recruit illicit outsiders in the estate division, development, and local partners on the grounds that their compensations are a lot of lower. This would influence the business chances of our residents despite the fact that not a great deal are keen on this activity. Furthermore, a significant number of them take part in the business, for example, food slows down, selling adornments, enhancing lights, batik and then some. Indeed, some of them have gotten rich, have enormous dwelling place without covering huge annual duty. When our cash fell in esteem massively, the work openings become restricted; this is uncalled for to the resident of Malaysia. The nearness of the individuals who is marked as unlawful migrants don't simply live in the countrys gold mine to discover their salary, yet additionally harbor an assortment of social issues, wrongdoing and wellbeing just as different relatives in Malaysia. The issue of illicit workers is acknowledged in many creating nations just as created nations like U.S. what's more, Australia. For instance, laws has been executed in the U.S., tragically, this law has numerous incredible resistance from the individuals who battle for the privileges of this gathering. Shows including a huge number of clans that help unlawful workers on the first of May which they called as A day without illicit immigrants㠢㠢‚⠬㠢„â ¢ was joined by the proprietors of organizations that are overwhelmingly unlawful outsider work. Proprietor of this extraordinary organization guarantees that the job of illicit outsiders ought to be perceived for their commitments in the U.S. economy. MALAYSIA AS A GOLD MINE A similar situation is additionally occurring in this nation, an aggregate of 2.4 million announced (counting illicit foreigners) are presently centered around the most significant areas in producing monetary development; manors, development and assembling. Envision the effect that would be borne by the countrys economy if remote work is removed out of nowhere out of the three segments? We perceive that the expansion in crime percentages of late is connected with the inundation of illicit settlers. In any case, it isn't handily settled, as a great many people think. Obviously, the unrest raised including unlawful foreigners is because of the demeanor of our kin. Very few among us who are happy to do what is finished by these outside specialists. In the estate area, for instance, not many of us who are eager to perspire bountifully under the sweltering sun contrasted with the outside specialists. Indeed, even in the development part, engineers are griping because of the lack of neighborhood laborers. Indeed, the legislature doesn't have a lot of decision in restraining wrongdoing by unlawful settlers. All things considered, recruiting outside work is less expensive than household work. In some cases the demeanor of bosses who needs a major benefit additionally adds to this issue. For instance, the demonstration of utilizing 1,700 laborers who had finished their work allows by the glove producers who are recorded on the Main Board of Bursa Malaysias, which is Top Glove Corporation Bhd. There is a likelihood that there are a lot more businesses engaged with such exercises, however can't be identified by the specialists. In tending to the issue of wrongdoing by illicit migrants, the measures to be taken ought not be inconvenient to any gathering. We have to perceive that the administrations of remote specialists are expected to produce our economy. What should be possible presently is to confine the section of new workers, and simultaneously guarantee that current unlawful foreigners have lawful status. On the off chance that the increasing crime percentage is supposed to be connected to a deluge of settlers, other than to block them in detainment, a progressively uncommon measure should be taken in the long haul. Examination in Australia (a nation which is overwhelmed by settlers from Asia) found that there is no expansion in crime percentages related with this gathering. This is in opposition to past cases that the frequency of wrongdoing in the nation has to do with Asian outsiders. The examination found that in spite of the mentality of nearby occupants to see with doubt, hatred and dread (xenophobia) against Asian outsiders that add to wrongdoing. Because of the mentalities of nearby occupants who will not acknowledge them in the public eye, these workers feel disconnected, disappointed at that point vent their resentment by doing criminal acts against the neighborhood populace. In this manner, Australias transient wrongdoing including the general population is in excess of a wrongdoing against property. The investigation of the marvel of wrongdoing and unlawful workers in this nation is to lessen negative observations and xenophobia against them and to be increasingly judicious to acknow ledge them in the public arena. Variables OF IMMIGRANT A portion of these illicit migrants are hoodlums who are required by the experts in their nations of origin. They fled to Malaysia to get away from the attack of their nation of origin specialists. Shockingly, they keep on carrying out wrongdoings here. Instances of burglary, murder, and assault regularly happen. Injury casualties should bear it constantly. Indeed, even a portion of the lodging territories are broken into consistently for an extensive stretch of time. This reason the nearby occupants live in dread. A criminal case such

Presence of Manipulation in Financial Statements †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Examine about the Presence of Manipulation in Financial Statements. Answer: Presentation The idea of reasonable worth has been perceived as profoundly significant by the IASB (International Accounting Standards Board) for improving the nature of monetary detailing. The utilization of reasonable worth bookkeeping guarantees in giving exact estimation of advantages and liabilities of an organization dependent on their present market valuation. Be that as it may, the utilization of verifiable cost bookkeeping just records the underlying estimation of advantages and liabilities at the hour of their buy with no change made comparable to their reasonable worth (Dignah et al., 2016). In this specific situation, the current report talked about the idea of reasonable worth presented by AASB 13 in Australian bookkeeping guidelines by basically inspecting its constraints in giving choice valuable data to the end-clients of the fiscal summaries. Idea and Limitations of Fair Value Accounting The IASB has coordinated the business elements around the globe to fuse the utilization of IFRS 13 standard with respect to the reasonable worth estimation. In this unique situation, the AASB (Australian Accounting Standard Board) has additionally embraced the standard of reasonable worth estimation through turn of events and presentation of AASB 13 bookkeeping standard. According to the AASB 13 norm, the reasonable worth can be expressed as a market-based estimation approach for distinguishing and estimating the estimations of benefits and liabilities. The reasonable cost of an advantage or risk shows the market cost at which methodical exchange identifying with selling of a benefit or moving an obligation happens on the date of estimation between the market members. The way to deal with reasonable worth estimation accept that the exchange has occurred in a chief market or in the most invaluable market if the chief market is absent (AASB 13, 2015). The utilization of reasonable worth bookkeeping in the advancement of money related reports is respected to be a subject of discussion among the bookkeeping experts. This is on the grounds that the estimation procedure is related with certain disadvantages that limit its helpfulness in unveiling the dependable and precise data to the end-clients. For instance, there are some business associations that don't understand any increases from the utilization of reasonable worth bookkeeping approach because of enormous changes in the estimation of their advantages. Along these lines, the nearness of high instability in the advantage esteem makes it hard for the organizations in exact expectation of their market value identified with long haul budgetary picture in this manner prompting announcing of deceiving salary or misfortunes in the momentary money related execution of an organization (Gjorgieva-Trajkovska and Temjanovski, 2010). In that capacity, the speculators don't understand the ut ilization of reasonable worth bookkeeping to be valuable in making sure about and ensuring their venture. The utilization of reasonable worth bookkeeping is subject to suspicions and consequently it can report deluding data identifying with the general estimation of a business element. The speculators as such are as yet having trusts in the utilization of chronicled cost technique as it encourages them to examine the underlying estimation of a benefit or obligation at the hour of the buy. The noteworthy cost approach furnishes speculators the data related with cost of an advantage or obligation as contrasted and their venture costs (Hassan, Percy, and Stewart, 2006). The speculators and loan bosses have additionally respected that the utilization of reasonable worth bookkeeping to be altogether added to the event of budgetary emergency. The reasonable worth perceived of an advantage or an obligation is generally subject to the market circumstance and along these lines the vacillations in the economic situations can bring about corrupting the general estimation of a firm. This hence bring about causing the downturn of the market economy and along these lines prompting the event of monetary emergency as that happened in the year 2007. The monetary examinations gesture the bookkeeping experts have respected to the utilization of reasonable worth representing fundamentally adding to the money related emergency by upgrading the downturn of the budgetary establishments around the US (Alaryan et al., 2014). One the significant impediment of the reasonable worth bookkeeping is the worth inversion. There are numerous difficulties that are looked by the organizations and furthermore the clients of the fiscal summaries as it is difficult to see all the divulgences made under the reasonable worth bookkeeping. Organization works predominantly in the unstable economic situations where there is have to esteem the benefits and liabilities that make bigger contrasts in the market estimation of organization and worth that is accounted for to be determined sheet. In any case, when the market become stable the worth changes that permits making changes to the estimation of money related things back to typical. So it very well may be said that changes that are made in the estimation of advantages or liabilities are brief period that demonstrates the reasonable worth bookkeeping gives misdirecting data to the clients of the budget reports (Qu et al., 2012). Organizations need to confront the market impacts of the reasonable worth bookkeeping that can be likewise be a constraint for the elements utilizing reasonable worth idea. Honest evaluation impacts the organization resources in the down economic situations. At the point when the estimations of benefits are revalued downwards because of progress in economic situation permits organizations to settle the advantages through selling the advantages at much lower cost. So it tends to be said that organizations need to confront misfortunes through receiving the honest assessment idea (Gjorgieva-Trajkovska and Temjanovski, 2010). End It very well may be said from the general conversation that reasonable worth bookkeeping has not end up being to a great extent accommodating in supporting the dynamic procedure of end-clients. References AASB 13. 2015. Reasonable Value Measurement. [Online]. Accessible at: https://www.aasb.gov.au/administrator/record/content105/c9/AASB13_08-15.pdf [Accessed on: 28 September 2017]. Alaryan, L. An., et al. 2014. The Relationship between Fair Value Accounting and Presence of Manipulation in Financial Statements. Global diary of bookkeeping and monetary announcing 4 (1), pp. 221-237. Dignah, An., et al. 2016. Reasonable Value Accounting and the Cost of Equity Capital of Asian Banks. Jurnal Pengurusan 48, pp. 125 135. Gjorgieva-Trajkovska, O. furthermore, Temjanovski, R. 2010. Reasonable Value Accounting Pros And Cons. Staff of Economics. Hassan, M. S., Percy, M.,and Stewart, J. 2006. The worth significance of reasonable worth divulgences in Australian firms in the extractive ventures. Asian Academy of Management Journal of Accounting and Finance 2 (1), pp. 41-61. Qu, W., et al. 2012. Does IFRS union improve nature of bookkeeping data? - Evidence from the Chinese securities exchange. Corporate Ownership Control 9 (4), pp. 187-196.

Role of Psychomotor Activity in Bipolar Disorder

Role of Psychomotor Activity in Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder Print Psychomotor Activity in Bipolar Disorder How Moods Can Impact Motor Activity By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 13, 2020 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights Adam Kuylenstierna / EyeEm / Getty Images Psychomotor refers to how the brains mental processes affect physical movement. Psychomotor activity can be increased (psychomotor agitation) or decreased (psychomotor retardation). Psychomotor agitation or retardation can be a feature of several types of mental illness but is commonly used to diagnose bipolar disorder. Psychomotor changes can be indicative of a manic or depressive episode. These movements, or lack thereof, are directly related to whats going on in your brain. For example, if you are  depressed, you will generally have less psychomotor activity as your emotions leave you feeling sluggish and weak. By contrast, you may exhibit accelerated psychomotor activity, such as fidgeting or making repetitive movements, during a  manic episode  when your energy level is high. Understanding Psychomotor Agitation Psychomotor agitation is a type of purposeless, agitated movement. At times, it may be unintentional. It occurs in bipolar disorder, as well as in other mood disorders such as depression or  schizophrenia.   Examples of Psychomotor Agitation pacingfidgetingfoot or finger tappingtalking faster than normalswitching television channels repeatedly Psychomotor agitation can occur during a  manic or hypomanic  episode. Other symptoms of a manic or hypomanic episode include  expansive mood, a condition characterized by excessive, impulsive, and grandiose behavior, such as: irritability and sudden bursts of angerexcessive spending or lavishing gifts on othersincreased risk-taking or difficulty distinguishing between safe and unsafe gamblessocially inappropriate behavior (such as being overly friendly in a way that makes others feel awkward)an escalation in goal-oriented activities (either big or incidental tasks that need to be completed immediately) Understanding Psychomotor Retardation Psychomotor retardation in bipolar disorder is defined by slow or impaired movement. Its more likely to occur during depressive episodes and is primarily associated with  bipolar I disorder. Examples of Psychomotor Retardation talking more slowlydifficulty writing or typinghaving trouble getting out of bedtaking a long time in between bites of foodmoving slowly (often hunched over with head lowered) Psychomotor retardation can occur with the classic symptoms of depressions, including: Frequent cryingFeeling sad or emptyDifficulty making decisionsSleeping too much or too littleEating less or more than normalTrouble focusing or remembering thingsSelf-harming behaviors and having suicidal thoughts Can Depression Turn Into Bipolar Disorder? Treatment Evaluating psychomotor activity not only helps doctors diagnose bipolar disorder, but it also allows them to assess the severity of a manic or depressive episode. There is no cure for bipolar disorder, but  treatments  such as medications and psychotherapy can help people manage the condition. Medications used to treat bipolar depression include antipsychotics, antidepressants, and anti-anxiety drugs. Psychotherapy may consist of  cognitive-behavioral therapy  (CBT),  dialectical behavior therapy  (DBT), family counseling, and/or group therapy. Finding the right combination of treatments can take time, but you dont have to go through it alone. If youve been diagnosed with bipolar disorder, its important that you build a support network of family, friends, as well as a doctor and mental health professional you trust.

Social Inequality Breaks the Meaning of the Constitution

Social inequality limited the growth of the United States in many ways such as breaking what the constitution stood for independence which did not apply to African Americans because the prominent race which was white. However congress started to go against this inequality and stood for equality. The phrase Jim Crow came along in the 1880 which was the same time that the Supreme Court had tried and failed to eliminate the Poll taxes which was also known as the grandfather clause, even though the laws undermined all federal protections for African American’s civil rights. At the same time that African Americans lost voting rights, southern states passed racial segregation laws to separate people of the opposite race in public and private†¦show more content†¦In 1881-1964, Jim Crow laws separated Americans by race in 26 states. The most common type of segregation was De Jure segregation which was the legal separation of Americans by race. 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St. Lawrence University Admissions and Acceptance Rate

St. Lawrence University in Canton, New York is a somewhat selective school. Less than half of applicants are accepted each year. Students with strong grades and an impressive application, however, have a decent chance of being admitted. Applicants are not required to submit SAT or ACT scores. They will need to send in high school transcripts, a personal essay, and several letters of recommendation. For help with the application process, feel free to contact the admissions office at St. Lawrence. Calculate your chances of getting in with this free tool from Cappex. Admissions Data (2016) St. Lawrence University Acceptance Rate: 43  percentSt. Lawrence University is test-optionalGPA, SAT and ACT graph for St. LawrenceWhat these SAT numbers meanWhat these ACT numbers mean St. Lawrence University Description St. Lawrence University can boast that it has been coeducational with a progressive teaching philosophy since its founding in 1856. The schools name comes from the nearby St. Lawrence river, the site of both crew practice and academic research. The university is located in Canton, New York, a town not far from Potsdam. Explore the campus with the  St. Lawrence University Photo Tour. The university has a graduate program in education, but SLUs primary focus is at the undergraduate level. With an 12 to 1  student/faculty ratio, students are sure to get a lot of interaction with the faculty. Study abroad, community service, and sustainability are all important parts of St. Lawrences identity, and starting in the fall of 2012, some first-year students got the opportunity to spend their first college semester in London, and the university has had a second-semester program in France for several years. On the athletic front, the St. Lawrence Saints compete in the NCAA Division III Liberty League for most sports. The university has 32 intercollegiate teams and made my list of  top equestrian colleges. Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 2,464  (2,377 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 45 percent male; 55 percent female99 percent full-time Costs (2016-17) Tuition and Fees: $51,200Books: $750 (why so much?)Room and Board: $13,190Other Expenses: $900Total Cost: $66,040 St. Lawrence University Financial Aid (2015 -16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 100  percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 100 percentLoans: 55 percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $32,191Loans: $7,775 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors:  Art, Biology, Economics, English, Fine Arts, History, Mathematics, Political Science, Psychology, Social Science, Sociology Graduation and Retention Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 90  percentTransfer-out Rate: 13 percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 81  percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 84  percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports:  Skiing, Football, Golf, Ice Hockey, Riding, Rowing, Lacrosse, Basketball, Baseball, Cross CountryWomens Sports:  Skiing, Riding, Soccer, Softball, Basketball, Field Hockey, Ice Hockey, Cross Country If You Like St. Lawrence University, You May Also Like These Schools Ithaca College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Vermont: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphSkidmore College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphSyracuse University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphTrinity College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Rochester: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphAlfred University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBoston University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCornell University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBowdoin College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBates College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphHobart William Smith Colleges: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

Entity Relationship Diagram Analysis Free Essays

In this undertaking I have to roll up some entity, so an entity attributes and at last ERD.I think I will larn more about entity, attributes, Entity Relationship Diagram to make this undertaking. Description: Entity An Entity is an object or existent thing such as a tabular array or signifier. We will write a custom essay sample on Entity Relationship Diagram Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now An Entity contains some information about himself. In the entity some informations can be stored. Properties Properties means the information or inside informations of an Entity. Attribute may incorporate assorted sorts of value like numeral, Characters, Integer etc. Simply attributes are the belongingss of entity. Entity Relationship Diagram ( ERD ) An entity-relationship diagram is a information mold diagram and technique. ERD can make a graphical representation of the relationships between entities, the entities, and within an information system. There are three type relationships in the Entity Relationship Diagram ( ERD ) One to One One to Many Many to Many The chief constituents of Entity Relationship Diagram ( ERD ) Entity Properties Relationship Cardinality Entities: Department Capable Area Staff Plan Faculty Student Registration Examination Consequence Coursework Attendance Advancement Entities with Properties: Department Department_ID ( PK ) Department_Name Department_Details Department_Leader Discipline Subject_Area_ID ( PK ) Subject_Area_Leader Subject_Area_Name Subject_Area_Details Department_ID ( FK ) Employee Employee_ID ( PK ) Employee_Leader Employee_Type Employee_Name Employee_JoiningDate Employee_Address Department_ID ( FK ) Plan Program_ID ( PK ) Program_Leader Program_Name Program_Type Program_Details Subject_Area_ID ( FK ) Registration Registration_ID ( PK ) Registration_Date Registration_Type Registration_cost Faculty Module_ID ( PK ) Module_Name Module_Leader Module_Details Module_Type Student_ID ( FK ) Program_ID ( FK ) Student Student_ID ( PK ) Student_Name Student_Type Student_Details Student_Address Module_ID ( FK ) Registration_ID ( FK ) Examination Exam_ID ( PK ) Exam_Details Exam_Name Exam_Date Exam_Time Student_ID ( FK ) Consequence Result_ID ( PK ) Result_Name Result_Type Result_Details Result_Date Result_time Exam_ID ( FK ) Coursework Coursework_ID ( PK ) Coursework_Name Coursework_Type Coursework_Details Student_ID ( FK ) Attendance Attendance_ID ( PK ) Attendance_Name Attendance_Type Attendance_Details Student_ID ( FK ) Advancement Progress_ID ( PK ) Progress_Type Progress_Details Entity Relationship Diagram ( ERD ) : Relationship sum-up: In my ERD plot some relation description are given in the below: In the Entity Relationship Diagram I find out the relation between section and capable country is one to many, because one section may hold many capable countries. In the scenario I can see one capable country may hold more plans. In the ERD diagram the relationship between plan and faculty is one to many. Many faculties are under of a plan. Module is used a foreign key of plans. In the ERD diagram the relationship between pupils and faculties are one to many, because one pupil may hold more than one faculty. In the relationship pupil primary key is used as a foreign key in the faculty entity. In the ERD diagram the relationship between pupil and test is one to many. One pupil may take part more tests. In the ERD diagram the relationship between pupil and coursework is one to many. One pupil may take part in the more coursework. In the ERD diagram the relationship between enrollment and pupil is one to many. The enrollment may be registers for more pupils at same clip. In the ERD diagram really I see the one to many dealingss. For this ground I include one to many relationships in the ERD diagram. In the existent life for database one to many relationship is perfect to me. Drumhead In this undertaking I draw an entity relationship diagram. To pull the diagram I find out some entities and properties of entities. To make this undertaking I besides learn about entities, properties and entity relationship diagram. Task-02 Introduction: It is said to normalise in the undertaking 2. For doing a database successfully Normalization must be needed. The activities of a database depend on standardization. Standardization helps to do a database rebelliously. In the undertaking I will seek to normalise for a section system in the organisation. The standardization occurs in some stairss. In the undermentioned stairss are given. Description: Standardization In the organisation all activities now depend on the computing machine system. Some corporate organisation need database system for commanding all information. As a consequence database is most popular and indispensable things in the universe. For doing a database successfully standardization is the traditional manner. Without standardization it is impossible to do a database. Standardization is the procedure is used to form the informations absolutely in a database. I normalize the section information for some specific intent. The intent of standardization is divided into two parts. Removing unneeded informations and guaranting informations dependences. If same informations stay in some tabular array together the database may victim. Often it may data in the unrelated tabular array. To work out these jobs we can be done standardization. The intents of standardization are worthy to diminish the sum of infinite a database consumes and guarantee that information is logically stored. Th e public presentation of database direction system depends on the standardization. Some stairss are indispensable for standardization. The stairss are given briefly in the followers: Gathering informations Gathering informations is the first measure of standardization. When I normalize I will roll up all information in the phase. I will implement all informations of this measure in the following measure. Choosing a key For making standardization a key is indispensable. The key is the chief informations for standardization. All informations depend on the key. The key must be one from garnering informations. First Normal Form ( 1NF ) Some functions have to follow in the stairss. Repeating informations in the standardization, sometime it may harmful for standardization, so it necessary to take reiterating informations in the standardization. Removing reiterating informations is the chief work in this undertaking. Second Normal Form ( 2NF ) Second normal signifier ( 2NF ) is used to different and take same informations in the database. The phase besides provides farther information for taking same informations in the database. The chief activities of the phase: The all informations of first normal signifier must be represented in the phase. Same information in the rows of database tabular array are removed in the phase. The relationship of new tabular array is made in the phase. Third Normal Form ( 3NF ) In the 3rd normal signifier some activities are occurred. The undermentioned activities are given in the below: All demands of the 2nd normal signifier are present in the phase. The activities of the phase is removed some columns that are non dependent upon the primary key. The taking informations and information are non depended on the primary key of tabular array. For this ground these columns informations and information are removed. Optimization Optimization is the last measure of standardization. I will bring forth the whole standardization by bring forthing a standardization diagram. The standardization diagram is symbol of a better database. If standardization tabular array is clear, informations base become clear. Gathering Datas Department_ID Department_Name Department_Details Department_Leader Capable Area_ID Capable Area_Leader Capable Area_Name Capable Area_Details employee_ID employee_Leader employee _Type employe _Name employee_JoiningDate Staff_Address Programme_ID Programme_Leader Programme_Name Programme_Type Programme_Details Student_ID Registration_ID Registration_Date Registration_Type Module_ID Module_Name Module_Leader Module_Description Module-Type Student_ID Student_Name Student_Type Student_Description Student_Address Module_ID Registration_ID Exam_ID Exam_Description Exam_Name Exam_Date Exam_Time Result_ID Result_Name Result_Type Result_Description Result_Date Result_time Coursework_ ID Coursework_Name Coursework_Type Coursework_Details Attendance_ID Attendance_Name Attendance_Type Attendance_Details Progress_ID Progress_Type Progress_Details Choosing a key: Student_id Converting to 1st Normal Form ( Remove to reiterating informations ) Student ( Repeating ) : Department_id Department_name Student_id Student_name Student_email Student_phone Student_address Study_mode Employee_id Employee_name Employee_phone Employee_email Employee_addresses Sexual activity Program_id Program_name Program_time Credit_id Total_course_marks Total_module_marks Total_credit Consequence Module_id Module_name Module_leader Module_year Capable Area ( Non Repeating ) : Subjectarea_id Subjectarea_name Subjectarea_Leader Converting to 2nd Normal Form ( Remove parcel cardinal dependance ) Student Student_id ( pk ) Student name Student electronic mail Studentphone Student reference Study manner Program Idaho ( fk ) Programe name Plan leader Recognition Recognition Idaho ( pk ) Student Idaho ( fk ) Entire coursework grade Exam grade Module grade Entire recognition Consequence Faculty Module Idaho ( pk Module leader Faculty name Programe Idaho ( fk ) Programe name Employee Employee Idaho ( pk ) Employee name Employee electronic mail Employee phone Employee reference Sexual activity Depatment Idaho ( fk ) Department name Department Department Idaho ( pk ) Department name Plan Program Idaho ( pk ) Capable country Idaho ( fk ) Capable country name Programe name Plan leader Capable country Capable country Idaho ( pk ) Capable country name Department Idaho ( fk ) Department name Capable country leader Converting to 3rd Normal Form: ( Remove not cardinal dependence ) : Department Department_id ( PK ) Department_name Capable Area Subjectarea_id ( PK ) Subjectarea_name Department_id ( FK ) Subjectarea_Leader ( FK ) Employee Employee_id ( PK ) Employee_name Employee_phone Employee_email Employee_addresses Sexual activity Department_id ( FK ) Student_module Student_id ( PK ) Module_id ( PK ) Plan Program_id ( PK ) Subjetarea_id ( FK ) Program_leader ( FK ) Program_name Program_time Faculty Module_id ( PK ) Module_name Module_leader ( FK ) Module_year Program_id ( FK ) Student Student_id ( PK ) Student_name Student_email Student_phone Student_address Study_mode Program_id ( FK ) Recognition Credit_id ( PK ) Student_id ( FK ) Module_id ( FK ) Total_course_marks Total_module_marks Total_credit Consequence Optimization: Summary: In the undertaking I normalized for a section. I normalize for keeping database direction system. To make this undertaking I analyzed about standardization. I think I normalized good. Clear standardization helps to do a better database direction system. I learned more about standardization to make this undertaking. Undertaking 3 Introduction: The undertaking 3 contains some subjects. Database Management System ( DBMS ) is component of the undertaking. I will make a database by utilizing Database Management System ( DBMS ) . There are some ways to do database. But I will make database in the SQL waiter, because it is easy and flexible to me. To do database I will do some tabular array, each tabular array will incorporate minimal 5 records. Description: Some stairss I followed to make this undertaking. The stairss and demands are given in the below: Database Management System ( DBMS ) : To pull off a database some strong functions are followed. Database direction system is a sort of environment where all sorts ‘ functions and ordinance are included. A database direction system ( DBMS ) works as a database director. Database Management System ( DBMS ) is computing machine plan or package. The package helps others computing machine users create and entree informations in a database. Anyone can entree the information, where information is located it is non fact, It manages user petitions so that users and other plans are free from holding to understand informations in a multi-user system, on storage media and, who else may besides be accessing the information. Database direction system checks the unity of the database. The DBMS besides manage the hallmark procedure, merely authorized user and authorised web can entree the database. DBMS helps to do a secure database. Database direction system ‘s environment helps to do a good relationship in the database. The activities for this undertaking are following: MY database: Generated Script from â€Å" Generate SQL Server Scripts Wizard † : SET ANSI_NULLS ON Travel SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON Travel IF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ section ] ‘ ) AND type in ( N’U ‘ ) ) Get down CREATE TABLE [ dbo ] . [ section ] ( [ department_id ] [ nchar ] ( 10 ) NOT NULL, [ department_name ] [ nvarchar ] ( 50 ) NULL, CONSTRAINT [ PK_department ] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [ department_id ] ASC ) WITH ( IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF ) ON [ PRIMARY ] ) ON [ PRIMARY ] End Travel SET ANSI_NULLS ON Travel SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON Travel IF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ employee ] ‘ ) AND type in ( N’U ‘ ) ) Get down CREATE TABLE [ dbo ] . [ employee ] ( [ employee_id ] [ nchar ] ( 10 ) NOT NULL, [ employee_name ] [ nvarchar ] ( 50 ) NULL, [ employee_email ] [ nvarchar ] ( 50 ) NULL, [ employee_phon ] [ int ] NULL, [ employee_address ] [ nvarchar ] ( 50 ) NULL, [ department_id ] [ nchar ] ( 10 ) NULL, [ sex ] [ nvarchar ] ( 1 ) NULL, CONSTRAINT [ PK_employee ] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [ employee_id ] ASC ) WITH ( IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF ) ON [ PRIMARY ] ) ON [ PRIMARY ] End Travel SET ANSI_NULLS ON Travel SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON Travel IF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ subjectarea ] ‘ ) AND type in ( N’U ‘ ) ) Get down CREATE TABLE [ dbo ] . [ subjectarea ] ( [ subjectarea_id ] [ nchar ] ( 10 ) NOT NULL, [ subjectarea_name ] [ nvarchar ] ( 50 ) NULL, [ department_id ] [ nchar ] ( 10 ) NOT NULL, [ subjectarea_leader ] [ nchar ] ( 10 ) NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT [ PK_subjectarea ] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [ subjectarea_id ] ASC ) WITH ( IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF ) ON [ PRIMARY ] ) ON [ PRIMARY ] End Travel SET ANSI_NULLS ON Travel SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON Travel IF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ plan ] ‘ ) AND type in ( N’U ‘ ) ) Get down CREATE TABLE [ dbo ] . [ plan ] ( [ program_id ] [ nchar ] ( 10 ) NOT NULL, [ subjectarea_id ] [ nchar ] ( 10 ) NULL, [ program_name ] [ nvarchar ] ( 50 ) NULL, [ program_leader ] [ nchar ] ( 10 ) NULL, [ program_time ] [ nvarchar ] ( 50 ) NULL, CONSTRAINT [ PK_program ] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [ program_id ] ASC ) WITH ( IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF ) ON [ PRIMARY ] ) ON [ PRIMARY ] End Travel SET ANSI_NULLS ON Travel SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON Travel IF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ faculty ] ‘ ) AND type in ( N’U ‘ ) ) Get down CREATE TABLE [ dbo ] . [ faculty ] ( [ module_id ] [ nchar ] ( 10 ) NOT NULL, [ program_id ] [ nchar ] ( 10 ) NULL, [ module_leader ] [ nchar ] ( 10 ) NULL, [ module_name ] [ nvarchar ] ( 50 ) NULL, [ twelvemonth ] [ nchar ] ( 10 ) NULL, CONSTRAINT [ PK_module ] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [ module_id ] ASC ) WITH ( IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF ) ON [ PRIMARY ] ) ON [ PRIMARY ] End Travel SET ANSI_NULLS ON Travel SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON Travel IF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ pupil ] ‘ ) AND type in ( N’U ‘ ) ) Get down CREATE TABLE [ dbo ] . [ pupil ] ( [ student_id ] [ nchar ] ( 10 ) NOT NULL, [ student_name ] [ nvarchar ] ( 50 ) NULL, [ student_email ] [ nvarchar ] ( 50 ) NULL, [ student_phon ] [ int ] NULL, [ student_address ] [ nvarchar ] ( 100 ) NULL, [ program_id ] [ nchar ] ( 10 ) NULL, [ StudyMode ] [ nchar ] ( 10 ) NULL, CONSTRAINT [ PK_student ] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [ student_id ] ASC ) WITH ( IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF ) ON [ PRIMARY ] ) ON [ PRIMARY ] End Travel SET ANSI_NULLS ON Travel SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON Travel IF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ student_module ] ‘ ) AND type in ( N’U ‘ ) ) Get down CREATE TABLE [ dbo ] . [ student_module ] ( [ student_id ] [ nchar ] ( 10 ) NOT NULL, [ module_id ] [ nchar ] ( 10 ) NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT [ PK_student_module ] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [ student_id ] ASC, [ module_id ] ASC ) WITH ( IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF ) ON [ PRIMARY ] ) ON [ PRIMARY ] End Travel SET ANSI_NULLS ON Travel SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON Travel IF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ recognition ] ‘ ) AND type in ( N’U ‘ ) ) Get down CREATE TABLE [ dbo ] . [ recognition ] ( [ credit_id ] [ nchar ] ( 10 ) NOT NULL, [ student_id ] [ nchar ] ( 10 ) NULL, [ module_id ] [ nchar ] ( 10 ) NULL, [ total_coursework_marks ] [ int ] NULL, [ exam_marks ] [ int ] NULL, [ total_module_marks ] [ int ] NULL, [ total_credits ] [ int ] NULL, [ consequence ] [ nchar ] ( 10 ) NULL, CONSTRAINT [ PK_credit ] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [ credit_id ] ASC ) WITH ( IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF ) ON [ PRIMARY ] ) ON [ PRIMARY ] End Travel IF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ FK_employee_department ] ‘ ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ employee ] ‘ ) ) ALTER TABLE [ dbo ] . [ employee ] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [ FK_employee_department ] FOREIGN KEY ( [ department_id ] ) REFERENCES [ dbo ] . [ section ] ( [ department_id ] ) Travel IF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ FK_subjectarea_department ] ‘ ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ subjectarea ] ‘ ) ) ALTER TABLE [ dbo ] . [ subjectarea ] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [ FK_subjectarea_department ] FOREIGN KEY ( [ department_id ] ) REFERENCES [ dbo ] . [ section ] ( [ department_id ] ) Travel IF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ FK_subjectarea_employee ] ‘ ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ subjectarea ] ‘ ) ) ALTER TABLE [ dbo ] . [ subjectarea ] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [ FK_subjectarea_employee ] FOREIGN KEY ( [ subjectarea_leader ] ) REFERENCES [ dbo ] . [ employee ] ( [ employee_id ] ) Travel IF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ FK_program_employee ] ‘ ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ plan ] ‘ ) ) ALTER TABLE [ dbo ] . [ plan ] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [ FK_program_employee ] FOREIGN KEY ( [ program_leader ] ) REFERENCES [ dbo ] . [ employee ] ( [ employee_id ] ) Travel IF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ FK_program_subjectarea ] ‘ ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ plan ] ‘ ) ) ALTER TABLE [ dbo ] . [ plan ] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [ FK_program_subjectarea ] FOREIGN KEY ( [ subjectarea_id ] ) REFERENCES [ dbo ] . [ subjectarea ] ( [ subjectarea_id ] ) Travel IF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ FK_module_employee ] ‘ ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ faculty ] ‘ ) ) ALTER TABLE [ dbo ] . [ faculty ] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [ FK_module_employee ] FOREIGN KEY ( [ module_leader ] ) REFERENCES [ dbo ] . [ employee ] ( [ employee_id ] ) Travel IF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ FK_module_program ] ‘ ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ faculty ] ‘ ) ) ALTER TABLE [ dbo ] . [ faculty ] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [ FK_module_program ] FOREIGN KEY ( [ program_id ] ) REFERENCES [ dbo ] . [ plan ] ( [ program_id ] ) Travel IF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ FK_student_program ] ‘ ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ pupil ] ‘ ) ) ALTER TABLE [ dbo ] . [ pupil ] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [ FK_student_program ] FOREIGN KEY ( [ program_id ] ) REFERENCES [ dbo ] . [ plan ] ( [ program_id ] ) Travel IF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ FK_student_module_module ] ‘ ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ student_module ] ‘ ) ) ALTER TABLE [ dbo ] . [ student_module ] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [ FK_student_module_module ] FOREIGN KEY ( [ module_id ] ) REFERENCES [ dbo ] . [ faculty ] ( [ module_id ] ) Travel IF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ FK_student_module_student ] ‘ ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ student_module ] ‘ ) ) ALTER TABLE [ dbo ] . [ student_module ] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [ FK_student_module_student ] FOREIGN KEY ( [ student_id ] ) REFERENCES [ dbo ] . [ pupil ] ( [ student_id ] ) Travel IF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ FK_credit_module ] ‘ ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ recognition ] ‘ ) ) ALTER TABLE [ dbo ] . [ recognition ] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [ FK_credit_module ] FOREIGN KEY ( [ module_id ] ) REFERENCES [ dbo ] . [ faculty ] ( [ module_id ] ) Travel IF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ FK_credit_student ] ‘ ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N ‘ [ dbo ] . [ recognition ] ‘ ) ) ALTER TABLE [ dbo ] . [ recognition ] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [ FK_credit_student ] FOREIGN KEY ( [ student_id ] ) REFERENCES [ dbo ] . [ pupil ] ( [ student_id ] ) Summary: I used SQL waiter for doing database. I draw the diagram by utilizing normalized diagram. Some tabular arraies I created to bring forth the diagram of database. I included all table mean five records. To make the undertaking absolutely I show all tabular arraies screen shot with records. Undertaking 4 Introduction The chief activities are said in the undertaking. In the undertaking I will quire of my database. Now in the undertaking I will seek to implement. I will verify the operation of database. I will quire of the database harmonizing the outlook of the undertaking. I will follow the activities harmonizing the undertaking. Description: In the undertaking I have to make questions for find out some demands these are said to make in the undertaking. In the undermentioned these activities are given in the below: 1. Name callings of all the Subject Area Leaders ( SALs ) Querie: SELECT dbo.subjectarea.subjectarea_leader, dbo.employee.employee_name, dbo.subjectarea.subjectarea_name FROM dbo.employee INNER JOIN dbo.subjectarea ON dbo.employee.employee_id = dbo.subjectarea.subjectarea_leader End product: PLs along with the name ( s ) of the capable country Querie: SELECT dbo.program.program_leader, dbo.employee.employee_id, dbo.program.program_name FROM dbo.employee INNER JOIN dbo.program ON dbo.employee.employee_id = dbo.program.program_leader End product: MLs along with the name ( s ) of the capable country SELECT dbo.module.module_leader, dbo.employee.employee_name, dbo.module.module_name FROM dbo.employee INNER JOIN dbo.module ON dbo.employee.employee_id = dbo.module.module_leader 2. Expose the undermentioned information for the â€Å" Artificial Intelligence † capable country: a ) The list of plans that belong to that capable country ; Querie: SELECT program_name FROM dbo.program WHERE ( subjectarea_id = ‘sa-03 ‘ ) End product: B ) The list of faculties that belong to these plans ; Querie: SELECT dbo.program.program_id, dbo.module.module_name FROM dbo.program INNER JOIN dbo.module ON dbo.program.program_id = dbo.module.program_id WHERE ( dbo.program.subjectarea_id = ‘sa-03 ‘ ) degree Celsius ) The list of pupils who have awarded a Pass for one of the faculties Querie: SELECT DISTINCT C.student_id, student.student_name, C.module_id, module.module_name, C.result FROM recognition AS C INNER JOIN faculty ON C.module_id = module.module_id INNER JOIN pupil ON C.student_id = student.student_id INNER JOIN plan ON module.program_id = program.program_id AND student.program_id = program.program_id INNER JOIN subjectarea ON program.subjectarea_id = subjectarea.subjectarea_id WHERE ( C.result = ‘pass ‘ ) AND ( subjectarea.subjectarea_id = ‘sa-03 ‘ ) End product: 3. Expose the name of all the pupils who belong to one plan – you can take which plan – of the â€Å" Database † capable country, along with the undermentioned information: a ) Their twelvemonth of survey ; Querie: SELECT DISTINCT dbo.student.student_id, dbo.student.student_name, dbo.program.program_id, dbo.program.program_name, dbo.module.year FROM dbo.student INNER JOIN dbo.program ON dbo.student.program_id = dbo.program.program_id INNER JOIN dbo.module ON dbo.program.program_id = dbo.module.program_id INNER JOIN dbo.student_module ON dbo.student.student_id = dbo.student_module.student_id AND dbo.module.module_id = dbo.student_module.module_id WHERE ( dbo.program.subjectarea_id = ‘sa-01 ‘ ) End product: B ) The faculties they study ; Querie: SELECT DISTINCT dbo.student.student_id, dbo.student.student_name, dbo.module.module_name, dbo.student_module.module_id, dbo.student.program_id, dbo.program.program_name FROM dbo.student INNER JOIN dbo.program ON dbo.student.program_id = dbo.program.program_id INNER JOIN dbo.module ON dbo.program.program_id = dbo.module.program_id INNER JOIN dbo.student_module ON dbo.student.student_id = dbo.student_module.student_id AND dbo.module.module_id = dbo.student_module.module_id WHERE ( dbo.program.subjectarea_id = ‘sa-01 ‘ ) End product: degree Celsiuss ) Their test and coursework Markss for these faculties Querie: SELECT dbo.credit.student_id, dbo.student.student_name, dbo.credit.module_id, dbo.module.module_name, dbo.credit.total_coursework_marks, dbo.credit.exam_marks, dbo.student.program_id FROM dbo.credit INNER JOIN dbo.module ON dbo.credit.module_id = dbo.module.module_id INNER JOIN dbo.student ON dbo.credit.student_id = dbo.student.student_id INNER JOIN dbo.program ON dbo.module.program_id = dbo.program.program_id AND dbo.student.program_id = dbo.program.program_id where program.subjectarea_id=’sa-01 ‘ End product: Summary: Some quires are done in the undertaking harmonizing the functions of assignment. I finished the undertaking really carefully. As a proven I show some screen shooting of quires. I besides show SQL quires in the assignment. Undertaking 5 Introduction: There are five undertakings in the assignment. Each undertaking is made for a specific and different subject. Such a undertaking is task 5. In the undertaking 5 I will seek to stand for a study for whole assignment. The study will incorporate the description of my system design for a section of an organisation. In this study I will besides include the inside informations information about undertaking one to five. Description In the phase I will seek to give a solution for this study. Title Report no- Database Design and Development Recipient- Mrs Jesmin Aktar Author- Shanta Maria Introduction of my premise: The rubric of the assignment is College Database Development. The college needs a computerized system for keeping the activities of a section. To keeping the section activities the college needs an ideal database direction system. To complete these activities of this assignment I mentioned each subject for the assignment in the separately. I think I learned more things as pupil, to make this assignment. After completing each undertaking right I will bring forth a study for discover my accomplishment on my analysis, design and thought accomplishment. Overview of whole assignment: The sum-up of the whole assignment, I want to bring forth a study. The study is given at the below: Undertaking 1 Entity An Entity is a existent thing such as a tabular array or signifier. An Entity contains some information about himself. The information of entity can assist for designation of entity. Properties Attributes refers the inside informations information of an Entity. There are many types are fixed for property. These values are like numeral, Characters, Integer etc. Properties are the chief belongings of entities. Entity Relationship Diagram ( ERD ) An entity-relationship diagram is a diagram for informations patterning. Entity relationship diagram ensures the relationships between entities, the entities, and within an information system. Entity relationship diagram makes a database good understand. There are three type relationships in the Entity Relationship Diagram ( ERD ) One to One One to Many Many to Many The chief constituents of Entity Relationship Diagram ( ERD ) Entity Properties Relationship Cardinality Undertaking 2 Standardization Some corporate organisation need database system for commanding all information. To command information of organisation database must be needed. As a consequence database is most popular and indispensable things in the universe. Without standardization it is impossible to do a database. Standardization is the procedure is used to form the informations absolutely in a database. I normalize the section information for some specific intent. The intents of standardization are worthy to diminish the sum of infinite a database consumes and guarantee that information is logically stored. The public presentation of database direction system depends on the standardization. Some stairss are indispensable for standardization. In the assignment I followed some stairss for standardization. The stairss are given in the below: Gathering informations Choosing a key First Normal Form ( 1NF ) Second Normal Form ( 2NF ) Third Normal Form ( 3NF ) Optimization Undertaking 3 I used SQL waiter to do database in this undertaking. Making database was the function of the undertaking. As a consequence I designed a diagram and a database in the undertaking. Undertaking 4 The undertaking holds information for SQL quires. Harmonizing the undertaking some quires are made to use in the database. To make SQL quires in the undertaking I learned more things about SQL bid and other secure information of SQL waiter. Footings of mention: The scope for investigated system is extended. All the inside informations about the system hold given. The current system and the new system image are clear in the scenario. Anyone can see and compare the scenario. The study focuses on the section of an organisation. The study is bring forthing with a inside informations description and information of the complete system analysis and design portion for the section of an organisation. Procedures and methods: In my assignment I used some techniques. I have investigated all the process in many ways. In the assignment I followed the operation and practically system of college and others pull offing activities. The chief process and method of the assignment is to settle the current system jobs and besides to present an ideal database system of the academy theatre for keeping the section procedure. In this assignment I used entity relationship diagram and other demands and processs. Recommendation: Harmonizing the users demands and after probe the system, I could happen out some jobs and some other job in the college development diagram. The keeping system of the college development diagram was really hard to pull off. To work out the jobs I provide the new IT system. I will seek and bring forth the really easy manner to pull off the college development diagram for keeping procedure or systems in the new database system of College Database Development. Requirement hardware: To set up the procedure some hardware and package are really indispensable. The name or hardware demands are given in the followers: Personal computer ( Include all hardware ) Network Connection SQL waiter Windows XP .NET model Future program for my database: In the assignment I produced a database direction system for a college section. There are many sections of the college. I will include more information about more sections in the database at future. To implement my database I will utilize latest tools. I will seek to happen how manner I can implement the database. Appendix: Entity Relationship Diagram ( ERD ) : Optimization diagram: Database Summary: There are five undertakings in the assignment. The assignment contains some subjects of database. As a pupil any one can larn about database direction system from the topic. The undertaking five contains information of an premise. In the undertaking I tried to supply an ideal premise about the whole assignment. How to cite Entity Relationship Diagram Analysis, Essay examples

Weaknesses In The Stocktake Procedures

Questions: (1) Identify the weaknesses in the stocktake procedures above and identify how they could be improved? (2)(a) What control should be implemented to reduce the likelihood of each of the above? (b) What is an audit procedure to detect or prevent each of the above? (3)(a) Identify the key assertion addressed by the test procedure . (b) Provide an explanation as to why the conclusion reached is appropriate or inappropriate. (c) Outline the key control procedure that you believe needs to be performed? Answers: (1)While audit of the balance sheet of the company there are few items those needs to be looked and audited with better applied analytical and substantive procedures of the same. The responsibility of Inventory control lies with the manager of the warehouse of the location. The Manager must ensure that the staff members who are involved in stocktaking must aware of the established procedure which needs to be followed in stock taking. The slow moving inventory in a company. There are many cash dealings which get interrupted due to delay in stock being converted back into cash. The main intension and objective of Stocktaking is as follows: To verify the accuracy of stock The Stock valuation as stated in the financial statement must be supported by the physical verification of stock. To verify the weakness in the control and custody of stock. To disclose the possibility of Stock, theft or loss.(Smith 2013) In the given case auditor has attended the stock taking of Smith Equipment and certain discrepancies has been found by them which is described as follows: SI.No. Weakness Improvement Recommendation 1. Warehouse Staff Counted specific area of the warehouse for physical verification However, it is duty of the Warehouse manager to check all the area has been covered and no area has been left and physical verification of every item has been done properly 2. Issuance of blank sheet to each member of staff doing the count Instead of Issuing blank sheet to the stocktaking staff stock take scanner should be allocated to stock taker which will be used by them in stock taking along with the stock taking instruction. This brings better internal control and chances of error and loosing blank sheet is also low. 3. Staff Were Instructed to Write down the stock description and number counted Instead of giving this type of Instructor stock scanner as stated above should be given to each staff so that there is less chances of error and it will bring more accuracy. However, there is certain more recommendation which helps smith Equipment in better stock undertaking. This is as follows: Before starting Stock date all the possible area and the product must be identified. Meeting must be held with the staff member who will help in stock taking to ensure that they should know exactly what they have to do and how to do. Any Question or confusion of the Staff member must be resolved and any suggestion which helps in better stock taking must be implemented. Before submitting the report to the External Auditor report must be discussed internally with the management so that there will be less changes of error.(Jacob october, 2012) (2)Control over the bank reconciliation ensures that all the cash transaction has been properly recorded in the books of accounts for a given period of time. Bank reconciliation also ensures the accuracy of the Financial Statement. With the help of bank reconciliation any omission of transaction in the books of accounts can b easily detected irrespective of the reason that where omission is due to fraud or error. However to ensure less changes of error in the Bank reconciliation one should implement the following procedure to reduce the chance of Error. This are described as follows: There must be segregation of duties between the bank reconciliation between the two departments i.e. between accounts department and payment department. If same person are engaged in same activity then there is more chances of fraud. Even a small amount of un reconciled items create a doubt in the mind of the auditor regarding the accuracy of accounts and existence of fraud in the company. In the given situation Item of $340 remain un reconciled which are treated by the as immaterial. To reduce the chances of incorrect recording of account receivable, client should ensures that the entire credit voucher must be signed along with the supporting and then entry will be done in accounting system. The Company may adopt the policy not to deposit the associate company money in own account in order to reduce complexity. The omission of certain items from Bank reconciliation is serious issues. This even creates doubt about the correctness of bank reconciliation. In order to reduce such type of situation, the client may increase the frequency of reconciliation in order to ensure correct reconciliation process. Recording of bank transfer as deposit is also an serious issue, this shows that accounting clerk is completely irresponsible and he must be warned that if the same continue, then he may be fired from the company.(Team n.d.) b) Audit procedure to detect and prevent each of the above case is as follows; 1) Auditor should compare the bank cancellation date with bank reconciliation. 2) Bank Confirmation should be taken from each bank with whom the client transit. 3) Balance of client bank reconciliation need to be confirmed with the balance of bank confirmation. 4) Minutes of the Board meeting and loan agreement should be reviewed in order to ensure that all the interest bearing deposit has been properly dealt with in the accounts. (3)Key Assertion Addressed by the Test Procedure is as follows: 1. Authorization of Purchase Manager in the Invoices is not taken seriously by the client. It may lead to fraud Error. As per the Test conducted by the auditor more than 10% of the invoices were not authorized which shows lack of effectiveness and Internal control in the company. 2. Incorrect Discount was also noted. This may be intentional or un- intentional. It might be possible that the billing personnel may give incorrect discount and it has been also noted that the bill in which incorrect discount was given was not sent for authorization. 3. However, the incorrect discount given was not in some pattern. This means that the discount given was not due to system fault or change in discount policy. The company should ask the billing personnel reason for such error, though the amount of discount given is immaterial but it shows lack of control in the organization. 4. The Conclusion reached by the Client is not appropriate as it lacks control in the organization. Better policy is to identify the reasons for such mistake that why such error has been occurred whether the error is un-intentional or due to some fraud.(James n.d.) The Key Control procedure that need to be performed by the company is as follows: i. If the company has manual billing system then that need to be computerized. ii. Discount for each and every item needs to be properly updated in the system and the same should be properly checked. iii. Dual checking of invoice should be done for some time once the invoice is generated from the system and second at the cash counter by the cash personnel. iv. Responsibility should be assigned to each personnel to periodically review the discount percentage which has been updated in the system(General 2015) Biliograpy: General, OOA 2015, Office of Auditor General, https://audit.wa.gov.au/reports-and-publications/reports/across-government-benchmarking-audits/timely-payment-invoices/. Jacob, M october, 2012, 'Stocktake of Rgional Research', p. 30. James, 'Substantive Tests of Transcation and balance', p. 60, https://novellaqalive2.mhhe.com/sites/dl/free/0074711709/90089/sample_ch10.pdf. Smith, H 2013, myob.com.au, https://myob.com.au/blog/7-steps-to-a-successful-stock-take/. Team, O, Opentution.com, https://opentuition.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/group-documents/15/1289882056-E.AuditEvidence.pdf.

Impact of Television free essay sample

Today, I will talk about one of the media that impact on children, which is T. V. Watching TV for children has both pros and cons(positive and negative effects). Most children spend long hours watching TV. The impact of television on children depends on many factors like: how much they watch, their age, they watch alone or with adults First, I will talk about the positive effects: ? It helps child to collect his lessons by watching educational television programs. Get as much information and the formation of a cultural character by watching cultural programs. ? Identify the different types of art and various forms of music. ? spend more time with the family to watch television programs and discussed. ? View action films increases aggressive behavior and violence to the child. ? watching television for long hours of the most important causes of obesity in children. ? TV ads affect the child and make him the fast foods are harmful to health. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Television or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page TV develops some wrong behaviors of the child, such as: smoking, addiction, and the use of violence as a means to get what he wants. The negative effects: ?Children who watch TV for long hours they probably will have negative impacts on their health such as they may weak their eye-sight at young age. ?Changes their behavior: Children may change their behavior toward other people. Many children tend to follow their favorite actors or actress and imitate them by wearing same cloths, following same attitude and try to speak same languages. ?Waste time Solutions: Parents should: Choose programs carefully watched by the child identified with a certain number of hours during which the child is allowed to watch TV, and control of the child when watching the TV with the discussion in everything he sees. ? closer to the child and try to identify the way of thinking. ? Encourage the child to read different books and stories by reading to him constantly from an early age. ? teach the child soc ial behaviors and how to correct the face of problems with courage. Awareness of the Child Action scenes that are not real. First, I will talk about the positive effects: It helps child to collect his lessons by watching educational television programs. ? Get as much information and the formation of a cultural character by watching cultural programs. ? Identify the different types of art and various forms of music. ? spend more time with the family to watch television programs and discussed. The negative effects: ?Children who watch TV for long hours they probably will have negative impacts on their health such as their eye-sight could weaken at an early age. ?Changes their behavior: Children may change their behavior toward other people. Many children tend to follow their favorite actors or actress and imitate them by wearing same cloths, following same attitude and try to speak same languages. ?Waste time ? View action films increases aggressive behavior and violence to the child. ? watching television for long hours of the most important causes of obesity in children. ? TV ads affect the child and make him the fast foods are harmful to health. ? TV develops some wrong behaviors of the child, such as: smoking, addiction, and the use of violence as a means to get what he wants.

Outkasts-Aquemini critique essays

Outkast's-Aquemini critique essays It is not typical that hip hop music is viewed to be a form of art. It has received a great deal of negative publicity since becoming mainstream in the early to mid 1980s. It is believed, by many, that the lyrical content of this type of music deals with only guns, alcohol, sex, violence, and crime. It is understandable for them to have these beliefs, because there was a period of time when that was true. Though there are still the artists whose lyrics say very little; recently, hip hop has become a form of expression with deeper meaning. It is my opinion that this type of rap has a large amount of artistic value. A song which blends rhythmically, significant lyrics and a beat that sets the mood, should certainly be considered a work of art. The group that I believe is most successful in accomplishing this feat is Outkast. Outkast is the duo of Andre Benjamin and Antwan Patton, more commonly know as Andre 3000 and Big Boi. The work I have chosen to critique is titled Aquemini. It is the fifth track off of their third album which is also titled Aquemini. The word Aquemini is the combination of Aquarius and Gemini; Big Boi being the Aquarius and Andre 3000 the Gemini. With this paper I am including lyrics printed off of the internet and a copy of this song. Please excuse the obscenities used in the songs. Aquemini starts with the chorus which leads to the beginning of the relaxing and slow tempo beat. The meaning of the chorus is summed up by the lines: nothing is for sure, nothing lasts forever. In the first verse Big Boi says, we prayed together through hard times and swung hard when it was fitting, but now we tappin the brakes from all them corners that we be bending in Volkswagons and Bonnevilles, Chevrolets and Coupe De Villes. Big Boi is talking about their hard times together; which I feel refers to their growing up in a poor neighborhood of downtown Atlanta. ...

Data Collection Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Data Collection Methods - Essay Example Focus group Advantages and Dis-advantagesAccording to Morgan (1996) focus group is a research method devoted to data collection to gather data through group discussion. It is an easy way to listen to diverse views of the research issue. Group discussion deals with real life issues and helps in gathering real time data. However there are several disadvantages of focus group. It is quite expensive and time-consuming research methodology. In focus group that some of the participants are mistaken by the group discussion and they jump to conclusion. It is hard for the moderator to keep the group of people focused on one topic for a long time. Group discussions are not planned. People can go in wrong direction and lot of time is wasted to come back to the original topic. In-group discussion, people take sides, and the mentality of follow the crowd exists. The research interview is defined as â€Å"a two-person conversation initiated by the interviewer for the specific purpose† to find research relevant information and focusing on the interviewee to gather the essential data (Cohen, 2000). The interview involves gathering data through direct verbal interaction between the individuals. Veal (2000) has described interview as a strategy to find out from people about the things, which cannot be observed directly. The interviews are meant to collect data from each respondent face to face. In the interview, each respondent contributes a different perspective of the same question. Personal interviewing provides face-to-face contact with respondents, which permits audible and visual communication with respondents in real time (Joann, 1990).

Primary Research on an Advertisement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Primary Research on an Advertisement - Essay Example Not only was the advertisement hilarious but it also generated positive applause from the millions of football fans, especially in Africa. Clearly, the creators of this advertisement were innovative enough to acknowledge that football can be used to create attractive appeals to consumers through relating it with refreshing moments. While millions of viewers were united by football, the Coca-Cola Company identified this as a perfect opportunity to establish long lasting appeals of its Coke product to the football fans. This paper seeks to analyze the different ways in which Coca-Cola Company presented its intended appeals on football viewers, specifically the youth age group (between 18 and 30 years.) The advertisement is divided into five-screen sections of different settings: the old timer, the worrier, the show off, the admirers, and the die-hards. The advertisement begins with screens of football fans in different locations who are watching football matches. Some of the viewers are refreshing their throats with a Coke soda in the different locations. The next screen focuses on an old man who cannot sit down due to the excitement arousal caused by drinking Coke. Although he has poor vision to follow up the football match, he is keen enough to notice and celebrate a goal. The advertisement then shifts to a football fan who has actively chewed his football gloves due to the anxiety caused by watching a game filled with suspense. A woman appears, and hands him two bottles of Coke, which seem to offer him a sense of relaxation. Another screenshot appears where a girl seems to be celebrating that her team won, only to be informed by a man drinking Coke that the match is at half tim e. The next screen focuses on three chefs in the kitchen who are keenly concentrating on a football match while drinking coke. They seem to have forgotten about their occupational responsibilities; food seems to be burning in the background and

Eal Observed In A Primary School

Eal Observed In A Primary School Learning a second language is one adaptation skill that proves to be necessary when diverse cultures come together.   For example, children from diverse linguistic backgrounds study English as a bridge to better education. The Rationale for Planning for Children Learning English as an additional language (2008) advocates that in planning for children who are learning English as an Additional Language (EAL), the following key principles must be observed: that bilingualism is an asset instead of a liability for children who know more than one other language other than their mother tongue or primary language.   This first language is essential not only in learning another language but also for ones identity formation. The EAL provider should keep the learner challenged cognitively with the continuous provision of linguistic and contextual support.   Lastly, the acquisition of another language should go hand in hand with the students cognitive and academic development within the same school environment and the student would not need outside support. It is already integrated in the inclusive curriculum given to the learner. Cummins (1984) came up with a matrix to explain the dynamics of second language learning development. One axis represents the BICS or the Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills while the other axis represents the CALP or the Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency.   Baker (2006) explains that students engage in BICS when they communicate with contextual supports and props such as face-to face â€Å"context embedded† situations where they read the other persons non-verbal gestures, hand movements and sounds to support verbal communication. On the other hand, CALP happens in â€Å"context reduced† situations requiring higher order thinking skills such as analysis, synthesis or evaluation. This is usually encountered in more academic learning and communication where language is â€Å"disembedded† (Baker, 2006). This paper will report observations in a primary school that embraces multiculturalism and multilingualism and analyzed according to theories and to its compliance to standards and policies for implementing English as an Additional Language (EAL). Observations were done for key stage 2. The physical environment of the school and classroom Upon entering the school, a large map welcomes people with the sign that read: â€Å"Welcome to our school.   We come from all over the world and we speak 27 languages†.   For each language, it was connected to the country of origin as indicated in the map.   This sign gave a very warm welcome to anyone who visited the school no matter what culture he or she comes from. An IT room is available for any EAL learner to use whenever one needs to consult a computer for spelling or grammar or anything that pertains to the English language.   This additional resource to support their learning is another indication that the school anticipates learners needs and provides them when called for. The classroom observed had a big inflatable globe which represents a wide range of diversity is accepted there.   The children can freely explore the globe and search for their own countries and link it to their native language. A trained EAL teacher was employed by the school to help facilitate the cognitive, language and literacy development of foreign children.   Adults play a huge role in the language development of children, as they need someone who uses simple language in correct form and is flexible enough adjust his language to suit the childs (Clay, 1988).   Having a good second language teacher is essential to learning the language more fluently.   The researcher does not discount the fact that imitation of proper pronunciation and intonation is necessary. Hence, learners should have attentive ears and retentive minds, and of course, cooperative tongues to be able to speak fluently in such language.   Children also need opportunities to practice speaking and listening to the second language outside the language lessons, so that means they need a support system of learners to interact with. The school acknowledged and respected the childrens different cultures. As an example, the school held a Polish mass celebrated by a Polish priest on Tuesdays. Cummins (1986) contend that children are empowered when their cultural roots are celebrated.   Usually, when schools and teachers do not seriously consider foreign students their native culture, these children feel unaccepted and unworthy to belong to their classes, hence display inappropriate behavior.   They become lost in terms of academic achievement and develop insecurities about their skin color, ethnic characteristics or language accents.   Such embarrassment develops stress or anxiety during class. The students family may likewise seem withdrawn or non-participative in their childrens schooling and feel the same sense of not belonging to the new culture they have joined.   In view of this, culturally-relevant teaching must be learned by teachers.   Such teaching takes into consideration the cultural background of the students at all times.   It also keeps in mind cultural aspects in all interactions with students on both personal and educational levels. (Edwards Kuhlman, 2007).   Students cultures, languages and experiences need to be acknowledged, valued andused as important sources of their education because they deserve the best that society can give them.   This involves teachers learning about students backgrounds and personal experiences to use as tools to make connections with these students.   Some strategies that teachers can employ are the inclusion of the various histories, contributions, perspectives and concerns relevant to the diverse backgrounds of students (The IRIS Center for Training Enhancements, n.d.).   Incorporating these in the curriculum makes learning meaningful to these students.   Multicultural education using literature from various cultures engages such children in reading and writing and makes them eager to learn the social or cultural contributions made by various groups of people. Observations of the children It was learned that the children in the school were not allowed to speak their native language within the classroom but they are free to speak it outside with their peers.   This is part of their learning the English language in the classroom. This may be considered by the school as an effective way to immerse the children in the English language, however, the Rationale for planning for children learning English as an additional language (2008) recommends that children have free access to their primary language (L1) in order to fully understand their second or additional language (L2), so the classroom teacher should be more lenient in allowing children to use their L1 in class as a tool to learn their L2. There was quite a number of foreign students enrolled in the school.   The researcher approached some and asked them some questions regarding EAL.   Two Portuguese children were observed to be peer-teaching.   One was already fluent in the English language while the other was still struggling so the more adept one was helping him translate some words. Vygotsky (1962, as mentioned in Clay, 1998) emphasizes the value of childrens talk and their growing ability to articulate their understanding of their world orally and in writing.   Taking part in negotiating meanings is part of the educational process, and Vygotsky believes that just being with others helps children learn. In observing the two Portuguese children, some theories may explain why the more English language-adept child uses their native Portuguese to teach the less knowledgeable child. Swain Lapkin (2000) conclude in their study that the first language is by default, a tool used by students to learn their second language.   Collaborating with other students in tasks for learning a second language, students try to make sense of the requirements and content of the task, focusing their attention on language form vocabulary use and overall organization, then turn to their native language to process and discuss before finally getting back to completing the task.   Swain and Lapkin point out that without the use of their native language, they might not be able to accomplish the task effectively or it might not be accomplished at all.   They argue that the insistence of not being allowed to access their first language in a linguistically and cognitively complex task of decoding a second lan guage task would deprive them of an important cognitive tool.   They stress that bilingual programs that allow for the development and maintenance of the first language while learning the second language are successful in both goals. The researcher interviewed two students who both spoke Spanish.   When asked if they speak to each other in their native language, they admitted they only speak it at home with their parents.   They did not speak it in school and said they were more comfortable speaking in English because most of the time they were in school and with friends who all spoke the English language.   In this case, Lamberts (1977) subtractive bilingualism seems to be taking place as the childrens first language is being extinguished by the second language which is English.   Otto (2010) elaborates on Lamberts   theories on bilingualism. One issue in second language acquisition is its effect on the first language of the individual.   The immense concentration necessary to learn a second language may create a negative impact on the first language. This is known as Subtractive bilingualism.   When a child becomes fluent in a second language due to immersion in that language, there is a strong te ndency to forget the first language, causing disruptions in communication with family members who only know the first language.   Transmission of cultural beliefs and parenting interactions would need a shared language for it to be successful. If not, social relationships with families or other members of the community who are monolingual may break down. On the other hand, in learning a second language, a child need not forget the first language, but can be fluent in both.   This is called Additive Bilingualism which means that although a child actively learns a second language, concurrently, there is continued development in the home language (Lambert, 1977; Otto, 2010).   The goal is to enhance language skills in both languages.   In view of this, the case of the two Spanish boys interviewed by the researcher may also display additive bilingualism because they continue to speak L1 at home even if they are gaining competence in L2 in school and with peers. Two boys from Ethiopia do not speak the same language even if they come from the same country. In the different parts they come from, different languages were also used.   One of the boys speaks three languages French, English and Portuguese because his mother came from Portugal and his father from Ethiopia.   The other boy speaks Amharic which is similar to Arabic, but he is from Ethiopia.   Leon (1996) has outlined the need for migrant workers and their families to be supported in gaining English-speaking competencies to enable them to live more satisfying lives in English-speaking environments. He said lack of bilingual support for students impedes their motivation to learn, as they could not cope with other English-speaking peers, so they feel unwanted, and just skip school.   Gaining English language competency for these children will also raise their self-esteem so they get to be more confident to develop more personal and academic skills. Although the observations were limited to what has been reported, it already gave the researcher a good picture of how the school upholds the EAL program.   The foreign children seem to be comfortable in the school setting as they have settled in well in a welcoming environment.   The government consultation document ‘Aiming High: Raising the Achievement of Minority Ethnic Pupils (DfES 2003) states that â€Å"the particular needs of bilingual pupils are best met through a coordinated whole school approach led by headteachers and senior managers.† (DfES, 2005, p. 14).   The ethos of the primary school observed reflected a clear respect for the multicultural perspective. Otto (2010) contends that one of the main challenges posed by the English as a Second Language (ESL) approach is the development, selection and implementation of effective strategies and instructional techniques to suit the diverse learners since they come from various backgrounds.   The Rationale for planning for children learning English as an additional language (2008) takes upon Vygotskys (1978) concept of â€Å"scaffolding†.   As the term implies, scaffolds are temporary supports in the process of learning which are gradually taken away when the student is already capable of learning without them.   In EAL, scaffolding comes in three forms, One is scaffolding by adults by making their expectations clear by sharing learning objectives and criteria for success with the students by way of modeling and demonstrating the English language, ‘recasting of the childrens language from their L1 and providing them with opportunities to use their whole language repertoire to aid them in understanding their L2.   Another form of scaffolding is through collaborative work.   They engage in small group talks or work in pairs, usually with children who are more adept in the language are paired with children who are less adept, such as the two Portuguese boys observed peer-teaching in the school. The teacher may also use scaffolding thro ugh visual support, via pictures, props, models, frames and language prompts, graphic organizers, diagrams, maps, plans and essentially all the print and picture cues they put up in the environmental setting (Rationale, 2008).   Most of these scaffolds were observed in the school. The numerous issues on second language learning, especially English, only prove that it is creating much impact on the development of children from diverse cultures.   More and more people consider its advantages and possible disadvantages.   Such amount of attention is worth it because people think up of ways on how to maximize its benefits.   Learning another language apart from ones native language helps children be ready to be highly competent in an increasingly globalized world.   However, although they become bilingual, it should not be forgotten that they also become bicultural, and learning of one language and the culture that goes with it does not mean forgetting their original one. Teachers should take into consideration that their non-English speaking students should learn English in both its context and language elements so the students gain a better understanding and appreciation of the English language.